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Green Hydrogen

Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced through a process that uses renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power, to power the electrolysis of water. The electrolysis process involves splitting water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), without generating carbon emissions. This method contrasts with traditional hydrogen production, such as steam methane reforming, which relies on fossil fuels and generates greenhouse gas emissions.

In India, the green hydrogen market is expected to be worth $30-35 billion by 2035-2040 (assuming optimistic demand). In India, the green hydrogen market (sales) is expected to reach $10 billion by 2030 and $35 billion by 2040 (per annum estimates). Major industries like as transportation and industrial production rely heavily on imported fossil fuels. Today, hydrogen is required for a variety of reasons. Green hydrogen production using renewable energy can play a critical part in low-carbon and self-sufficient economic routes. The use of Green Hydrogen and its derivatives, the machinery and technology used, and the infrastructure development associated with it in many new programs in the country, such as green fuel, green energy, green mobility, green farming, green buildings and equipment, and policies for efficient use of this energy source in various economic sectors, will mean that the industry is bound to see exponential growth in the demand for Green Hydrogen and its derivatives, the machinery and technology used, and the infrastructure development associated with it[/vc_column_text]

The key steps in green hydrogen production

1.    lectrolysis: Renewable electricity (from sources like solar or wind power) powers an electrolyzer, which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. The process separates hydrogen from water, generating ‘green’ hydrogen without producing greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions.

2.    Renewable Energy Sources: The renewable energy sources used for electrolysis are crucial in making the overall process environmentally friendly. By utilizing solar, wind, or hydroelectric power, the entire hydrogen production cycle becomes sustainable and emission-free. Green hydrogen holds immense promise as a clean, sustainable energy carrier. It can be used in various sectors and industries, including transportation, power generation, industrial processes, and energy storage. The widespread adoption of green hydrogen is integral to reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change by providing a versatile and low-carbon energy source.

Green Hydrogen Manufacturing

Green hydrogen manufacturing involves the production of hydrogen through an environmentally sustainable process using renewable energy sources. The process typically involves the following steps:

1.    ELECTROLYSIS
Electrolysis is the core process used to produce green hydrogen. Water (H2O) is separated into its components—hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2)—through the application of an electric current. This occurs within an electrolyzer, a device that contains an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte.

2.    RENEWABLE ENERGY INPUT
The electricity used in the electrolysis process comes from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power. These sources ensure that the overall hydrogen production cycle is environmentally friendly and does not generate carbon emissions

3.    TYPES OF ELECTROLYZERS
There are different types of electrolyzers used for hydrogen production, including alkaline electrolyzers, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, and solid  oxide electrolyzers. Each type has its advantages in terms of efficiency, scalability, and operating conditions.

4.    SCALING UP PRODUCTION
Green hydrogen manufacturing involves setting up electrolysis plants that can scale up production to meet demand. These plants may range from small-scale installations to large industrial facilities.

5.    STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
Once produced, green hydrogen needs to be stored and distributed. Storage methods
can include compressed gas, liquefaction, or conversion into other forms such as ammonia for easier transport. Infrastructure for transporting and utilizing hydrogen as an energy carrier also needs to be developed.

 

Challenges in Green Hydrogen Manufacturing

• Cost: One of the primary challenges is the cost of production. Currently, green hydrogen is more expensive to produce compared to hydrogen generated from  fossil fuel-based processes.
• Efficiency: Improving the efficiency of electrolysis processes and reducing energy losses is crucial to make green hydrogen more cost-effective.
• Infrastructure: Developing infrastructure for large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and distribution is essential for its widespread adoption.
• Technological Advancements: Research and development are ongoing to improve the performance and reduce the costs of electrolyzers and associated technologies

The future of green hydrogen manufacturing in India and worldwide largely depends on advancements in technology, reduced production costs, supportive government policies, and collaborative efforts among various stakeholders to drive sustainable and efficient production processes. As technology advances and economies of scale are achieved, green hydrogen manufacturing is poised to play a pivotal role in transitioning towards a more sustainable and low-carbon energy future.

Components of the Green Hydrogen Mission

• Facilitating demand creation through exports and domestic utilization
• Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme to support
  domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and production of Green Hydrogen
• Pilot Projects for green steel, mobility, shipping, decentralized energy applications, hydrogen
  production from biomass, hydrogen storage, etc.
• Development of Green Hydrogen Hubs
• Support for infrastructure developments
• Establishing a robust framework of regulations and standards
• Research & Development programme
• Skill development programme
• Public awareness and outreach programme

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